1. 解析方式 DOM与SAX
目前解析XML有两种方式DOM和SAX，它们的解析原理不相同。
DOM是树形结构解析，解析之前全部加载入内存，适合对XML的随机访问。由于加载到内存，所以处理大型文件时其性能下降的非常厉害。
SAX是事件驱动型的XML解析方式。它顺序读取XML文件，不需要一次全部装载整个文件。当遇到像文件开头，文档结束，或者标签开头与标签结束时，它会触发一个事件，用户通过在其回调事件中写入处理代码来处理XML文件，适合对XML的顺序访问。
2. JAVA解析XML的4种方法
其中DOM是DOM方式解析， JDOM，DOM4J，SAX是SAX方式解析。一般公司都使用DOM4J和JDOM，因为编码比较简单。
这里介绍简单，可以根据各自需要进行封装。
假设XML的格式为：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no"?>
<campany name="maymay">
<department>
<name>Human Resource</name>
<employees>
<staff>Ying Liu</staff>
<staff>Hongwei Dai</staff>
<staff>Fang Liu</staff>
</employees>
</department>
</campany>
定义JAVA接口：
package xml;
public interface XmlDocument {
/**
*
* @param fileName：文件路径及名称
*/
public void createXml(String fileName);
/**
*
* @param fileName:文件路径及名称
*/
public void parserXml(String fileName);
}
2.1. DOM方法
所需包已经在JDK中。
package xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class DomParse implements XmlDocument {
private Document document;
private String fileName;
public DomParse() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
this.document = builder.newDocument();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Element root = this.document.createElement("campany");
root.setAttribute("name", "maymay");
this.document.appendChild(root);
Element department = this.document.createElement("department");
root.appendChild(department);
Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("Human Resource"));
department.appendChild(name);
Element employees = this.document.createElement("employees");
department.appendChild(employees);
Element staff1 = this.document.createElement("staff");
Element staff2 = this.document.createElement("staff");
Element staff3 = this.document.createElement("staff");
staff1.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("Ying Liu"));
staff2.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("Hongwei Dai"));
staff3.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("Fang Liu"));
employees.appendChild(staff1);
employees.appendChild(staff2);
employees.appendChild(staff3);
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try {
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
transformer.transform(source, result);
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = db.parse(fileName);
NodeList campanys = document.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < campanys.getLength(); i++) {
Node departments = campanys.item(i);
NodeList department = departments.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < department.getLength(); j++) {
Node node = department.item(j);
NodeList meta = node.getChildNodes();
for (int k = 0; k < meta.getLength(); k++) {
System.out.println(meta.item(k).getNodeName()
+ ":" + meta.item(k).getTextContent());
}
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (SAXException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
2.2. SAX解析
所需包已经在JDK中。
package xml;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class SaxParse implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
System.out.println("<<" + fileName + ">>");
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean hasAttribute = false;
Attributes attributes = null;
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("begin");
}
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("end");
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equals("campany")) {
return;
}
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
this.attributes = attributes;
this.hasAttribute = true;
}
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println("--"+attributes.getQName(0)+":"
+ attributes.getValue(0));
}
}
}
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
}
}
2.3. JDOM解析
需要jdom1.0.jar
package xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
public class JDomParse implements XmlDocument {
/**
*
*/
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document;
Element root;
root = new Element("campany");
root.setAttribute("name", "MayMay");
document = new Document(root);
Element department = new Element("department");
root.addContent(department);
Element name = new Element("name");
name.setText("Human Resource");
department.addContent(name);
Element employees = new Element("employees");
department.addContent(employees);
Element staff1 = new Element("staff");
staff1.setText("Ying Liu");
employees.addContent(staff1);
Element staff2 = new Element("staff");
staff2.setText("Hongwei Dai");
employees.addContent(staff2);
Element staff3 = new Element("staff");
staff3.setText("Fang Liu");
employees.addContent(staff3);
XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();
try {
XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*
*/
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(false);
try {
Document document = builder.build(fileName);
Element campany = document.getRootElement();
System.out.println("--campany.name:"
+ campany.getAttributeValue("name"));
Element department = campany.getChild("department");
System.out.println("--department.name:"
+ department.getChild("name").getText());
List staffs = department.getChildren("employees");
System.out.println("--staffs.size:"+staffs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < staffs.size(); i++) {
Element staff = (Element) staffs.get(i);
System.out.println("--"+staff.getName() + ":"+staff.getValue());
}
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.4. DOM4J解析
需要dom4j-1.4.jar
package xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class Dom4jParse implements XmlDocument {
/**
*
*/
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element campany = document.addElement("campany");
campany.setAttributeValue("name", "maymay");
Element department = campany.addElement("department");
Element name = department.addElement("name");
name.setText("Human Resource");
Element employees = department.addElement("employees");
Element staff1 = employees.addElement("staff");
staff1.setText("Ying Liu");
Element staff2 = employees.addElement("staff");
staff2.setText("Hongwei Dai");
Element staff3 = employees.addElement("staff");
staff3.setText("Fang Liu");
try {
Writer fileWriter = new FileWriter(fileName);
XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
xmlWriter.write(document);
xmlWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
File inputXml = new File(fileName);
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
Element campany = document.getRootElement();
System.out.println("--campany.name:"+campany.attributeValue("name"));
for (Iterator i = campany.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();) {
Element department = (Element) i.next();
for (Iterator j = department.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();) {
Element node = (Element) j.next();
System.out.println(node.getName() + ":" + node.getStringValue());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
2.5. 测试
package xml;
public class XMLParseDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
//JDomParse jdom = new JDomParse();
//jdom.createXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
//jdom.parserXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
//Dom4jParse dom4j = new Dom4jParse();
//dom4j.createXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
//dom4j.parserXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
//DomParse dom = new DomParse();
//dom.createXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
//dom.parserXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
SaxParse sax= new SaxParse();
sax.parserXml("G:\\StudyEnviroment\\studyworkspace\\practice\\src\\xml\\Campany.xml");
}
}
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